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Barbell Deadlift

The barbell deadlift is one of the best compound exercises you can perform in the gym. It’s one of the quickest ways to pack on mass and build tremendous strength and power. Unfortunately, the deadlift is also one of the most dangerously performed exercises in the gym if not done correctly.

This article provides a detailed breakdown of what to do when you step up to the deadlift bar. It also helps you learn about the things you should avoid for safe performance.

How To Do

  1. Stand behind a loaded barbell. Ensure your feet are halfway under the bar, with the bar passing over your laces. Position your feet directly under your hips, and point your toes slightly outward.
  2. Extend your hands in front of your body, then let them fall naturally by your sides. This natural spacing is ideal. Use a double overhand grip with both hands over the barbell.
  3. Bend your knees slightly to lower your body to the bar. Keep a neutral back position with your chest up.
  4. Grab the bar with your thumbs tucked under your index and middle fingers. Squeeze tightly and tense your shoulders.
  5. Take a deep breath in and engage your core. Push your heels through the floor to begin the lift. When the bar reaches knee level, engage your glutes.
  6. Push your hips forward as you stand up fully.
  7. Pause briefly at the top position. Return the barbell to the ground under control and repeat.

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Tips From Expert

  • Warm up for the deadlift with lower back stretches to allow a larger range of motion. This helps to prevent excessive lower back loading.
  • Maintain a neutral head position, looking slightly toward the ground.
  • Do not tuck your chin; it will misalign your hips and reduce leg drive.
  • Do not look up; it forces your hips down, hindering your lift.
  • Imagine the bar is immovable, but the ground can be moved. Drive your heels as if pushing the floor away.
  • To activate the upper back (lat) muscles, imagine that you are squeezing an orange between your armpits. 
  • Use shoes, depending on your mobility level. This can be assessed with the help of an export.

Optimal Sets and Reps

This table can be used as a general programming guide for the deadlift according to your training goal.

Training TypeSetsReps
Strength Training4–61–5
Hypertrophy3–56–12
Endurance Training2–412–20
Power Training3–51–3
Optimal Sets & Reps of Barbell Deadlift

How to Put in Your Workout Split

The barbell deadlift builds total body strength. The main focus is on the muscles at the back of the body, known as the posterior chain. Adding the deadlift to our workout routine will help you develop overall strength, power, and muscle mass. 

If you are following a full-body routine, perform the barbell deadlift on any day. Do it at the start of the workout, when your energy levels are highest. 

If you’re training on an upper/lower body split, add the barbell deadlift on your leg workout days. Program it as the first or second exercise, depending on your training goals.

For a push/pull/leg program, the deadlift can be on a pull or leg day.

When deciding on lifting intensity, the following guidelines can be used. Your one rep maximum (1RM) is the maximum weight you can perform on an exercise for a single repetition.

  • Use 85-95% of your one rep maximum (1RM) for strength training.
  • For muscle gain, use 70-85% of your 1RM.
  • For endurance training, use 50-60% of your 1RM.

If you are a beginner, focus on perfecting your form before adding resistance. Gradually add weight as your confidence and strength increase.

For more advanced lifters, use a progressive overload approach, aiming to increase the weight each week while maintaining proper form.

As a compound movement pattern, you should always program the barbell deadlift at the start of your workout. This gives you more energy for good performance when your energy levels are still high.

Primary Muscle Groups

Gluteus

Large, superficial muscles located at your buttocks just below your lower back area.

Hamstrings

Muscles located at the back of your upper leg, below your glutes and above your calves. Consists of three muscles.

Hamstrings

The hamstrings are a group of four muscles located on the back of the thigh. During the deadlift, these muscles are engaged during hip extension and knee flexion. The hamstrings contract to stabilize the knee joint when you pull the bar from the ground. They then extend the hips as the body comes to an upright position. 

During the lowering phase of the deadlift, the hamstrings are engaged to control the rate of descent. 

The stronger your hamstrings are, the more powerful your deadlift will be. Hamstring-specific exercises like lying leg curls and glute-ham raises can isolate and strengthen these muscles, improving overall performance.

Gluteus

The glute muscle group is made up the gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and gluteus medius. The largest of the three, and the only visible one, is the gluteus maximus. This muscle is commonly referred to as the glutes or buttocks.

The function of the glutes is to extend the hip joint. It opens the hip joint, moving the upper leg bone (femur) down and back. This allows your body to rise from a seated or squatting position. 

The glutes are the largest muscle group in the body. For many people, however, it is chronically weak. That’s because we spend most of our day sitting on our butt rather than exercising it through its range of motion. 

The deadlift is a very good exercise for developing glute strength and conditioning. The force to power the bar from your shins to a fully upright position comes from glute contraction.

Secondary Muscle Groups

Quadriceps

Muscles located at the front portion of your upper legs, below your pelvis and above your knees. Consists of four parts.

Gastrocnemius

Muscles located at the back of your lower leg and consists of your calf. Starts just behind your knee and extends to your ankle.

Soleus

Muscles located behind your gastrocnemius sitting slightly deeper. Runs down your leg and connects with the gastrocnemius to make your Achilles tendon.

Latissimus Dorsi

Large, triangular shaped muscles located just below your shoulder blades. They extend along your spine down to your pelvis.

Upper Trapezius

Triangular shaped muscles located between your neck and shoulder blades.

Middle Trapezius

Muscles located in the middle of your back between your upper and lower traps.

Erector Spinae

Muscles that span the entire length of your spine on either side.

Wrist Flexors

Muscles that span the inside of your lower arm, between your elbow and wrist palm side up.

Wrist Extensors

Muscles that make up the back portion of your lower arm, between your elbow and wrist.

Erector Spinae

The erector spinae comprises three columns of muscle that run up and down either side of the spine. These extend from the skull to the pelvis. Their primary function is forward flexion and extension of the spine. This supports movements like bending forward at the waist and returning to an upright position. They also assist in the rotation of the spine when twisting from side to side, contributing to overall trunk stability and core strength.

The deadlift involves a forward bend and then a return to an upright upper body position against resistance. This action directly works the erector spinae muscles as a secondary mover.

Quadriceps

The quadriceps is a four-headed muscle between the hip and knee joints. Their main function is to perform knee extension, with additional assistance in hip flexion. The standard barbell deadlift activates all four quadriceps muscles to varying degrees.

The quadricep muscles function to extend your knees as you bring the barbell up. Certain deadlift variations, such as the trap bar deadlift, can target your vastus medialis, also known as your teardrop muscle.

Latissimus Dorsi

The latissimus dorsi (lats) is a large upper back muscle group. It originates on the lower two-thirds of the spine, the lower third and fourth ribs, and the upper pelvis. It inserts on the upper humerus (arm bone). The function of the lats is to pull the elbow down and in toward the hip. 

Well-developed lats also provide the ‘V’ shape to the upper body, which many people desire. 

When you are in the start position of the deadlift with the bar on the floor, your lats are in a fully extended position. As you bring the bar up, the lats work with the glutes to provide the pulling power to achieve a standing position. At the top of the movement, the lats are fully contracted.

Upper Trapezius

The trapezius can be divided into upper and mid sections based on function. The muscle fibers of the upper trapezius pull the shoulder blade up, while the middle fibers pull the shoulder blade down and toward the spine. 

As you come from the forward tilt to the deadlift upright position, you will directly stimulate the upper traps. To maximize trap engagement,  squeeze the shoulder blades together in the top position of the exercise.

Middle Trapezius

The middle trapezius helps stabilize and retract the shoulder blades during the deadlift. As you go from a forward tilt to an upright position, the middle traps become fully engaged. This keeps the shoulder blades pulled back and down. It also helps establish a strong and stable upper body position.

Wrist Flexors

The wrist flexors are the muscles on the inner side of your forearm. They help you to maintain a secure grip on the bar while deadlifting. 

The wrist flexors contract isometrically during this exercise. In other words, they contract without changing length. They hold the wrist in a natural position so it doesn’t extend backward. This helps you keep control of the barbell.

Wrist Extensors

The wrist extensors are the forearm muscles on the same side as the back of your hand. They counterbalance the wrist flexors by preventing the wrist from flexing too much. This helps keep the barbell securely in your grasp.

Gastrocnemius

The gastrocnemius is the largest of the two ‘heads’ of the calf muscle. It plays a supportive role during the deadlift by helping maintain stability and balance through the lower body. The gastrocnemius helps stabilize the ankle joint, ensuring your feet remain planted firmly and do not shift during the movement.

Soleus

The soleus is the smaller of the two ‘‘heads’ of the calf muscle. During the deadlift, the soleus contracts isometrically to help stabilize the ankle joint. This helps keep your feet flat on the floor, providing a solid lifting base. The soleus also stabilizes the ankle joint during the lift.

Equipment

Barbell

Barbell

You can use this for a range of arm exercises. Ensure the seat is at the right height. A good alternative would be the incline bench.

Variations

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the same equipment.

Alternatives

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the different equipment.

Who Should Do?

Strength And Power Athletes

The barbell deadlift is a fundamental movement for powerlifters, weightlifters, and strongmen. It builds strength through the posterior chain and helps improve squat, clean, and snatch performance. 

Bodybuilders

As a bodybuilder, your main goals are to develop size and strength. Performing compound movements and enough volume are both important factors for muscular hypertrophy.

The barbell deadlift helps bodybuilders develop size, strength, and symmetry in the back muscles, glutes, and hamstrings. It targets several muscles at once, assisting with overall hypertrophy and definition. Deadlift variations like Romanian and trap bar deadlifts allow bodybuilders to target specific muscle groups.

Beginners To Resistance Training

The barbell deadlift teaches beginners basic weight training movement patterns like the hip hinge and core engagement. It helps build a foundation of strength through the posterior chain that transfers to other lifts like squats.

Make sure to consult the help of a professional if you’re unsure of the correct form. As a beginner, it’s important to learn correctly as your muscles continue to develop.

Athletes

The barbell deadlift improves explosiveness in a range of sports, including football, rugby, basketball, and track and field. It helps athletes sprint faster, jump higher, and tackle harder. 

During sports performance, movement requires strength and power. Examples include explosive sprints in football, high jumps in basketball, powerful tackles in rugby, and rapid accelerations in track events.

The deadlift helps to develop this because it strengthens the posterior chain, which includes the hamstrings, glutes, and lower back. This enhances the ability to generate force from the ground up. This is crucial for explosive movements and maintaining stability during high-impact actions.

Most sports teams program the deadlift as part of their lifting program to build foundational strength and power.

Who Should Not Do?

People with Existing Back Problems

People with pre-existing back issues, such as a herniated disc should not do the deadlift. The spinal compression may worsen their condition. When performed incorrectly, the deadlift places a lot of stress on the lumbar spine.

Instead, they should focus on exercises that strengthen the core and back muscles without placing excessive strain on the spine. A healthcare provider or physical therapist can provide the needed guidance. 

Pregnant Women

Pregnant women should avoid this exercise due to the risk of abdominal strain and lower back discomfort. This can be harmful to both the mother and the developing baby. 

Alternative exercises like the dumbbell deadlift can be used to maintain strength without the same level of risk. These modifications help ensure that pregnant women can continue to exercise safely, supporting overall health and fitness during pregnancy. Consulting with a healthcare provider is also recommended.

Benefits Of The Barbell Deadlift

Better Functional Movement 

The barbell deadlift improves hip hinge mechanics and strengthens the posterior chain. This combination develops functional strength, improving lifting mechanics in sports and daily activities. By improving your functional strength, you will also reduce your risk of injury when lifting a couch or carrying a wheelbarrow.

Improved Grip Strength

The barbell deadlift develops a strong and secure grip. This benefits other lifts that require a firm grasp, such as pull-ups and the farmer’s walk. It will also improve your functional ability in daily tasks such as carrying groceries and lifting heavy objects off the ground.

Interestingly, hand grip strength has been proposed as a vital sign of health. Factors such as nutritional status, hospitalization, and quality of life have also been linked.

Help Maintain Bone Density 

The deadlift is a weight-bearing exercise that loads the spine and lower body. It stimulates bone growth and helps maintain bone density. This is good for all people but is especially beneficial for seniors and postmenopausal women. These populations are at a greater risk of fractures and osteoporosis.

You don’t need to join a gym to get an awesome back workout at home!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the proper grip for barbell deadlifts?

For optimal grip strength and stability, use an overhand or mixed grip.  For the mixed grip, one hand faces palm-in and the other palm-out. Experiment with the two options to find which feels most comfortable and secure for you.

How do I know if I’m doing barbell deadlifts correctly?

Have yourself videoed or have an experienced person observe your deadlift. To maintain proper form, check that your back stays flat and your hips hinge back. The barbell should move close to your body throughout the lift.

Can I do the barbell deadlift every day?

No, you should not deadlift every day.  Deadlifts are taxing on the central nervous system and muscles. Allow at least 48 hours between sessions to recover adequately.

Is the barbell deadlift hard to learn?

The deadlift is one of the more complex weight training exercises. It requires mastering hip hinge mechanics and proper form but becomes manageable with practice.

Resources

Endomondo.com refrains from utilizing tertiary references. We uphold stringent sourcing criteria and depend on peer-reviewed studies and academic research conducted by medical associations and institutions. For more detailed insights, you can explore further by reading our editorial process.

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  2. Schoenfeld, B.J., Grgic, J., Van, D.W. and Plotkin, D.L. (2021). Loading Recommendations for Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Local Endurance: A Re-Examination of the Repetition Continuum. Sports, [online] 9(2), pp.32–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9020032.
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  6. Ramirez, V.J., Bazrgari, B., Gao, F. and Samaan, M. (2022). Low Back Biomechanics during Repetitive Deadlifts: A Narrative Review. IISE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors, [online] 10(1), pp.34–46. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9837526/#:~:text=Results%3A,during%20repetitive%20deadlifts%20were%20found.
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  8. Raju Vaishya, Misra, A., Abhishek Vaish, Ursino, N. and Riccardo D’Ambrosi (2024). Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: a narrative review of evidences. Journal of health, population and nutrition, [online] 43(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00500-y.
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