Discover our app

Smith Machine Upright Row

The Smith machine upright row is a powerful exercise for sculpting your shoulders and upper traps. This variation of the upright row leverages the Smith machine’s fixed path to help you focus on form and control. Whether you aim to build muscle or enhance shoulder stability, mastering this exercise can boost your strength and physique.

How To Do

  1. Adjust the barbell to thigh height and load appropriate weight plates. Remember to set the safety bars below you.
  2. Stand upright with your feet shoulder-width apart. Grasp the bar with a grip slightly narrower than shoulder-width, palms facing you. Your arms should hang down naturally in front of your thighs, with your neck and shoulders relaxed. 
  3. Step back slightly to clear the bar from the rack. Ensure you’re close enough that the bar grazes the front of your body. Keep your torso straight and engage your core (squeeze your stomach muscles).
  4. Begin by pulling the barbell straight up along your body as you take a big exhale. Lift it towards your chin, keeping your elbows higher than your hands throughout the movement. A helpful cue here is to pretend you are pulling the bar apart.
  5. When the bar reaches just below your chin, pause briefly. Your elbows should be fully flexed, and your shoulders should feel the contraction.
  6. Slowly lower the barbell back to the starting position while you inhale, fully extending your arms. Maintain control and avoid letting the weight drop abruptly.
  7. Perform the desired repetitions, maintaining a steady and controlled motion throughout.

Fitness made for you

PT-designed routines and recipes.
Get real results without the high price tag.

Tips From Expert

  • Keep your back straight and avoid leaning forward to prevent strain. Don’t shrug your shoulders up to your ears — keep them set down.
  • Use a manageable weight to focus on form and reduce injury risk. With weights too heavy, you tend to overcompensate with other muscles. 
  • Avoid jerky movements; lift and lower the bar in a controlled manner.
  • To maximize shoulder activation, ensure your elbows lead the movement rather than your wrists.

Optimal Sets and Reps

Choosing an ideal range for your sets and reps depends on your training style and fitness goals. Here’s a chart you can reference based on different training goals.

Training TypeSetsReps
Strength Training3–54–6
Hypertrophy3–48–12
Endurance Training3–412–20
Power Training3–51–3 (Explosive)
Optimal Sets & Reps of Smith Machine Upright Row

How to Put in Your Workout Split

The upright row is a key exercise for developing shoulder and upper back strength by lifting weights vertically along your body. Incorporating it into your routine can enhance shoulder width, improve posture, and build upper body strength.

  • Pull Day — Include the upright row in your pull day. This exercise focuses on the deltoids, back, and biceps, making it a great addition to your back and bicep workout.
  • Upper Body Day — If you follow an upper/lower body split, add it to your upper body sessions for comprehensive shoulder work.
  • Shoulder Focus — On days dedicated to your shoulder machine workout, use the upright row as a primary exercise for targeting the traps and deltoids.

For beginners, start with lighter weights and higher reps to focus on proper form and control. As you progress, gradually increase the weight and decrease the reps to continue challenging your muscles.

Loading recommendations will vary depending on your fitness level and training goals. To choose an appropriate weight to lift, start by determining your one repetition maximum. Your 1RM is the maximum weight you can lift for one rep with proper form. 

  • Strength And Power — Use 80%–100% of your 1RM with fewer reps. Rest 2–3 minutes between sets.
  • Hypertrophy — Use 60%–80% of your 1RM with moderate reps. Rest 60–90 seconds between sets.
  • Endurance — Use less than 60% of your 1RM with higher reps. Rest 60–90 seconds between sets.

Primary Muscle Groups

Lateral Deltoid

Muscles located at the side of your shoulder which gives your shoulders a rounded appearance.

Lateral Deltoid

The lateral deltoid, or lateral delt, is a key muscle located on the outer part of your shoulder. It’s responsible for shoulder abduction, or lifting the arm to the side. 

This muscle is particularly targeted during the Smith machine upright row. As you pull the barbell up, the lateral deltoids engage to elevate your arms and stabilize the shoulder. This engagement helps to create a defined shoulder appearance and enhances upper body strength.

Similar to the upright row, the lateral raise targets the lateral delts. Research shows that lateral deltoids activate at 30.3% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction during lateral raises. The MVIC measures muscle contractions when holding still without any movement.

The upper arm and shoulder perform the same movement during lateral raises and the upright row. Therefore, It is reasonable to conclude that the lateral delt would experience similar activation rates during the Smith machine upright row.

Secondary Muscle Groups

Serratus Anterior

Small, fan shaped muscle that lies deep under your chest and scapula.

Upper Trapezius

Triangular shaped muscles located between your neck and shoulder blades.

Biceps Long Head

Most outside part of your bicep.The front of your upper arm.

Biceps Short Head

Most inside portion of the biceps. Located at the front of your upper arm closest to your chest.

Brachialis

Muscle which starts at the middle of your upper arm and connects just below the elbow.

Brachioradialis

Muscle located between outside portion of your forearm from the elbow to the wrist.

Upper Trapezius

The upper trapezius, or traps, originates from the base of the skull and the cervical spine and inserts into the clavicle and scapula. Its primary function is elevating and rotating the scapula, which is crucial in shoulder stability and movement.

The upper traps act as secondary muscles during the Smith machine upright row. As you pull the barbell upward towards your chin, the upper traps assist in stabilizing and elevating the shoulder blades. 

While the primary focus is on the lateral deltoids, the upper traps help maintain shoulder alignment and stability. This provides a supplementary muscle-building stimulus.

Biceps Long Head

The biceps long head originates from the humerus (upper arm) and inserts into the ulna (forearm). Its primary function is to flex (bend) the elbow and assist in forearm supination (palms up). Additionally, it plays a supportive role in stabilizing arm movements.

During the Smith machine upright row, the biceps long head acts as a secondary muscle. As you lift the barbell, the biceps long head helps to stabilize the arm while flexing at the elbow. 

The biceps receive a smaller but notable muscle-building stimulus as a secondary muscle. For specific bicep peak exercises, variations of curls and direct elbow flexion are recommended. 

Biceps Short Head

The biceps short head starts from the top of the shoulder blade and connects to the forearm. Its main job is to bend the elbow and help twist the forearm. It also plays a smaller role in keeping the arm steady during movements.

When you’re doing the Smith machine upright row, the short head of the biceps steps in as a helper. As you lift the barbell towards your chin, this muscle helps keep your elbow and shoulder steady. Although the main focus is on your shoulders, the short head of the biceps is working to support elbow flexion.

Brachialis

The brachialis is a muscle that sits underneath the biceps and attaches to the forearm. Its main job is to bend the elbow, working hard to lift and move things.

When you do the Smith machine upright row, the brachialis is like a behind-the-scenes helper. As you lift the barbell, this muscle supports the movement by bending your elbow and keeping it steady. This adds strength and stability to this pulling exercise.

Brachioradialis

The brachioradialis is a muscle that runs along the forearm. It starts from the upper arm and attaches to the lower part of the forearm. Its main job is to help bend the elbow and assist with forearm movements.

During the Smith machine upright row, the brachioradialis plays a supportive role. As you lift the barbell towards your chin, this muscle helps by bending your elbow and keeping it steady. 

Additionally, it contributes to grip strength, making it easier to hold onto the barbell throughout the exercise. The brachioradialis works in the background, providing extra support and strength, ensuring your grip stays strong and secure.

Serratus Anterior

The serratus anterior is a muscle on the side of your ribcage. It starts from the upper ribs and attaches to the shoulder blade. Its main job is to help move and stabilize the shoulder blade, which is crucial for many upper-body movements.

The serratus anterior acts as a helpful assistant during the Smith machine upright row. It keeps your shoulder blade in place as you lift the barbell toward your chin. This contributes to ensuring a smooth and controlled movement, supporting overall performance.

Equipment

Smith Machine

Smith Machine

This is great for working on pressing and pulling movements whilst reducing accessory muscle activity. Make sure to set up safety bars.

Variations

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the same equipment.

Who Should Do?

Athletes Wanting To Protect Their Head & Neck From Concussion

If you’re focused on protecting your head and neck from concussions, the upright row can be a beneficial exercise. This movement strengthens the shoulders and upper traps, which are crucial in stabilizing and supporting the neck. Building these muscles can improve neck stability and potentially reduce the risk of injury during contact sports. 

Research suggests strong shoulder and neck muscles can better support and protect the head and neck. This reduces the magnitude of force upon impact.

Body Builders & Fitness Buffs

For bodybuilders aiming for a defined physique, the Smith machine upright row is a valuable addition to your routine. This exercise targets the shoulders and upper traps, which are crucial for the classic V-shaped aesthetic. Well-developed shoulders and traps enhance upper body width and muscle symmetry, improving overall stage presence.

Who Should Not Do?

Individuals With Shoulder Issues

If you have shoulder injuries like rotator cuff tears or impingement syndrome, this exercise may aggravate your symptoms. Due to the plane of motion of the Smith machine upright row, structures within the shoulder are susceptible to further irritation. 

It’s essential to avoid movements that could strain or further damage your shoulders. Always consult with a healthcare professional for proper guidance.

Pregnant Women

Pregnant women should avoid the Smith machine upright row, particularly as their belly grows into the later trimesters. During pregnancy, the expanding abdomen can contact the barbell, potentially causing impact or injury. It’s important to focus on exercises that accommodate the growing belly and maintain overall comfort, safety, and stability.

Benefits Of The Smith Machine Upright Row

Tones Muscles

The Smith machine upright row targets the deltoids and upper traps, key muscles contributing to a well-defined upper body. By consistently performing this exercise, you can enhance muscle definition and achieve a more aesthetically pleasing upper body profile. 

Working in sets and reps associated with hypertrophy training will help you achieve a more pronounced physique or toning.

Improves Posture

Strengthening the upper traps and deltoids through the Smith machine upright row enhances shoulder alignment and stabilization. Improved strength in these areas contributes to better posture by supporting the neck and reducing the tendency to slouch. Research highlights that strengthening the muscles around the shoulder girdle can lead to significant improvements in postural control and alignment.

Increases Strength

The Smith Machine upright row enhances push and pull strength by engaging key upper body muscles. This exercise strengthens the deltoids, traps, and upper back, improving performance in various pushing and pulling movements. 

Incorporating such compound movements into a strength training regimen boosts overall upper-body strength. This will benefit both daily activities and athletic performance.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the Smith machine upright row good?

Yes, it’s effective for targeting the shoulders and upper traps, helping to build muscle and improve upper body and core strength. Improvements also transfer to other pulling exercises and daily living.

What muscle do Smith machine upright rows work?

They primarily work the deltoids and upper trapezius muscles. Your deep core muscles are also engaged to promote proper trunk alignment.

Is the Smith machine safer than a barbell?

The Smith machine can be safer due to its guided path, which reduces the risk of losing balance or incorrect form compared to free weights.

What are the risks of Smith machine upright rows?

Risks include shoulder impingement and neck strain, especially if performed with poor form or excessive weight. Ensure your Smith machine is set up properly to avoid incorrect movement patterns.

Resources

Endomondo.com refrains from utilizing tertiary references. We uphold stringent sourcing criteria and depend on peer-reviewed studies and academic research conducted by medical associations and institutions. For more detailed insights, you can explore further by reading our editorial process.

  1. Schoenfeld, B.J., Grgic, J., Van, D.W. and Plotkin, D.L. (2021). Loading Recommendations for Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Local Endurance: A Re-Examination of the Repetition Continuum. Sports, [online] 9(2), pp.32–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9020032.
  2. Grgic, J., Lazinica, B., Schoenfeld, B.J. and Zeljko Pedisic (2020). Test–Retest Reliability of the One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Strength Assessment: a Systematic Review. Sports Medicine – Open, [online] 6(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00260-z.
  3. Adel Elzanie and Varacallo, M. (2024). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Deltoid Muscle. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537056/#:~:text=The%20deltoid%20originates%20from%20the,deltoid%20tuberosity%20of%20the%20humerus.
  4. Yuri, Vianna, J.M., Guimarães, M.P., Jorge, Hernández-Mosqueira, C., Silva and Marchetti, P.H. (2020). Different Shoulder Exercises Affect the Activation of Deltoid Portions in Resistance-Trained Individuals. Journal of Human Kinetics, [online] 75(1), pp.5–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0033.
  5. Ourieff, J., Scheckel, B. and Agarwal, A. (2023). Anatomy, Back, Trapezius. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518994/#:~:text=The%20function%20of%20the%20trapezius,(medially%20retract)%20the%20scapula.
  6. Tiwana, M.S., Charlick, M. and Varacallo, M. (2024). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Biceps Muscle. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519538/#:~:text=As%20the%20name%20implies%2C%20this,the%20radius%20and%20forearm%20fascia.
  7. Plantz, M.A. and Bordoni, B. (2023). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Brachialis Muscle. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551630/#:~:text=The%20brachialis%20is%20an%20important,than%20the%20biceps%20brachialis%20muscle.
  8. Lung, B.E., Ekblad, J. and Bisogno, M. (2024). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Forearm Brachioradialis Muscle. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526110/.
  9. Raju Vaishya, Misra, A., Abhishek Vaish, Ursino, N. and Riccardo D’Ambrosi (2024). Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: a narrative review of evidences. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, [online] 43(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00500-y.
  10. Lung, K., Kayla St Lucia and Lui, F. (2024). Anatomy, Thorax, Serratus Anterior Muscles. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531457/#:~:text=The%20serratus%20anterior%20is%20a,inferior%20angle%20of%20the%20scapula.
  11. Streifer, M., Brown, A.M., Porfido, T., Ellen Zambo Anderson, Buckman, J.F. and Esopenko, C. (2019). The Potential Role of the Cervical Spine in Sports-Related Concussion: Clinical Perspectives and Considerations for Risk Reduction. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, [online] 49(3), pp.202–208. doi:https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2019.8582.
  12. Mohammad Taghi Karimi and Khademi, S. (2021). Investigation of the range of motion of the shoulder joint in subjects with rotator cuff arthropathy while performing daily activities. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow, [online] 24(2), pp.88–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.5397/cise.2020.00367.
  13. Delgado-Gil, J.A., Prado-Robles, E., Rodrigues-de-Souza, D.P., Cleland, J.A., César Fernández-de-las-Peñas and Alburquerque-Sendín, F. (2015). Effects of Mobilization With Movement on Pain and Range of Motion in Patients With Unilateral Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, [online] 38(4), pp.245–252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.12.008.
  14. Cooper, D.B. and Yang, L. (2023). Pregnancy And Exercise. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430821/.
  15. Kim, D., Cho, M., Park, Y. and Yang, Y. (2015). Effect of an exercise program for posture correction on musculoskeletal pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, [online] 27(6), pp.1791–1794. doi:https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.1791.

0 Comments

Cancel

Download App For Free!

Join thousands starting their fitness journey with expert guidance, personalized plans – No fees, no limits, just results!

Download now and start achieving your fitness goals for free!

Feedback

Help us rate this article

Thank you for your feedback

Keep in touch to see our improvement

0
    Your Cart
    Your cart is emptyReturn to Shop